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Obligatia de a (nu) vota |
Economie |
Scris de Florin Rusu |
Joi, 30 Iunie 2011 10:54 |
Cel mai vechi truc politic este cel de a redefini, de a distorsiona sensul cuvintelor. Inflatia nu mai este definita drept crestere a masei monetare, cum era pana la mijlocul secolului XX, ci drept crestere generalizata a preturilor. Definitia nu mai face apel la cauza, ci este descrisa ca insusi efectul. In traducere libera, inflatia este efectul inflatiei sau, dupa cum se exprima Cristian Paun, are o explicatie de tipul “preturile cresc intrucat preturile cresc”. In politica, jongleriile de acest tip abunda. Cea mai des intalnita este aceea potrivit careia dreptul de vot nu mai este un drept, ci o obligatie. De altfel, cu toata dificultatea delimitarii stricte intre drepturile negative si cele pozitive, se poate observa ca acestea din urma sunt cele mai succeptibile sa fie transformate din drepturi in obligatii. Dreptul la munca devine obligatia cuiva (institutie de stat sau companie privata) de a-ti asigura un loc de munca. Iar dreptul la vot a devenit o datorie de facto, de vreme ce dictatura opiniei publice provoaca un sentiment de vinovatie greu de suportat celor care se fac responsabili de practicarea supremei sfidari la adresa sistemului politic democrat: absenteismul. Cum mai e putin si se apropie noii ani electorali, este de asteptat ca retorica ieftina sa-si faca din nou aparitia. Initiative de introducere a obligativitatii votului au fost si vor mai fi, unele chiar sub amenintarea impunerii unor amenzi usturatoare. Adversarii actualului regim vor invoca faptul ca daca nu va veti prezenta la vot va meritati soarta. Actualii guvernanti va vor chema la arme pentru a nu lasa soarta “comunistilor” si aparatorilor marilor corupti. Ambele tabere vor avea insa un inamic comun – absenteismul. Si vor folosi acelasi tip de argument, prin care transforma un drept, pe care un individ decide daca si-l exercita sau nu, intr-o obligaţie: daca nu votezi, nu existi! Dintr-o cetate de indivizi suverani, sofistii publici ne-au transformat intr-o republica de supusi. Nu intamplator, termenii cu care sunt etichetati cel mai frecvent romanii in ultimul timp de catre politicieni sunt cei de „ alegatori” si „contribuabili”. Motivatia e simpla: alegatorii au “obligatia” de a-i vota, iar contribuabilii - de a-i plati. Intr-un volum aparut recent, The Ethics of Voting, Jason Brennan face ordine in haosul logico-lingvistic al dreptului/obligatiei exercitarii dreptului de vot, sustinand ca nu exista nicio datorie de a vota si ca, dimpotriva, daca intentionezi sa votezi in mod gresit (sa nu aduci argumente ca prin votul tau ii aduci la putere pe cei ce vor guverna bine) de-abia atunci vei avea o obligatie: aceea de a nu vota. Raul cel mai mic de cele mai multe ori nu e suficient, arata indecizie, subrezenie argumentativa, ceea ce implica obligatia de a te abtine. “As a citizen, you do not owe it to others to provide them with the best possible governance. But if you take on the office of voter, you acquire additional moral responsibilities, just as you would were you to become the Federal Reserve chairperson, a physician, or a congressperson. The electorate decides who governs. Sometimes they decide policy directly. They owe it to the governed to provide what they justifiably believe or ought to believe is the best governance, just as others with political power owe it to the governed to do the same.” Iar daca sunteti in continuare sub imperiul necesitatii exprimarii “datoriei civice” si considerati ca politica este modul prin care contribuiti la “binele comun” n-ar strica sa reflectati la urmatorul citat: “Philosophers often use state-of-nature thought experiments to help illustrate how politics contributes to the common good... We can also imagine an "inverse state of nature" - a political society that lacks private, nonpolitical activity. In the inverse state of nature, people try to gather together for public deliberation, voting, and law creation, but no one engages in private actions. In the inverse state of nature, life would also be nasty, poor, brutish, and short, because there would be no food, music, science, shelter, or art.“
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